Common Names of Plant Diseases


Diseases of Onion (Allium cepa L.) and
Garlic (A. sativum L.)


S. Krishna Mohan and Howard F. Schwartz, primary collators (last update 7/1/05)



BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial flower stalk and leaf necrosis
Pantoea agglomerans (Beijerinck) Gavini et al.
Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis) Dye
Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis (Brown) Stevens
Bacterial internal brown rot of bulbs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula
Bacterial leaf spot and flower stalk necrosis
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Bacterial leaf streak and bulb rot
Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson
Bacterial soft rot
Dickeya chrysanthemi Samson et al.
= Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder et al.
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
    (Jones) Waldee emend. Hauben et al.
= Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones)
    Bergey et al.
Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkholder
Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis (Brown) Stevens
Center rot
Pantoea ananatis (Serrano) Mergaert et al.
= Erwinia ananatis Serrano
Enterobacter bulb decay
Enterobacter cloacae (Jordan) Hormaeche & Edwards
Slippery skin
Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola (Burkholder) Young et al.
= Pseudomonas gladioli pv. alliicola (Burkholder)
    Young et al.
Sour skin
Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni & Holmes ex Burkholder)
    Yabuuchi et al.
= Pseudomonas cepacia (ex Burkholder) Palleroni & Holmes
Xanthomonas leaf blight
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii (Dowson) Roumagnac
et al.

FUNGAL DISEASES

Black mold
Aspergillus niger Tiegh.
Blue mold
Penicillium aurantiogriseum Dierckx
= Penicillium cyclopium Westling
Penicillium citrinum Thom
Penicillium digitatum (Pers:Fr.) Sacc.
Penicillium expansum Link
Penicillium hirsutum Dierckx
= Penicillium corymbiferum Westling
Penicillium funiculosum Thom
Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom
Botrytis brown stain
Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.
    Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph]
Botrytis leaf blight
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
    Botryotinia squamosa Vien.-Bourg. [teleomorph]
Botrytis rot of garlic
Botrytis porri Buchw.
    Botryotinia porri (van Beyma Thoe Kingma)
    Whetzel [teleomorph]
Cercospora leaf spot
Cercospora duddiae Welles
Charcoal rot
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich
= Sclerotium bataticola Taubenhaus
Diplodia stain
Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.
= Diplodia natalensis Pole-Evans
= Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.
Downy mildew
Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Casp. in Berk.
Embellisia skin blotch and bulb canker of garlic
Embellisia allii (Campanile) E. G. Simmons
= Helminthosporium allii Campanile
Flower and capsule blight
Botrytis aclada Fresen.
Botrytis allii Munn
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
    Botryotinia squamosa Vien.-Bourg. [teleomorph]
Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.
    Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph]
Fusarium basal rot
Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f. sp. cepae (H. N. Hans.) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans.
Fusarium basal rot of garlic
Fusarium culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc.
= Fusarium roseum Lk. Emend Snyd. & Hans. ‘Culmorum’
= Fusarium roseum Lk. Emend Snyd. & Hans. Var.
    culmorum (Schwabe) [sic] Snyd. & Hans.
Fusarium bulb rot of onion and garlic
Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg
Fusarium damping-off
Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f. sp. cepae
    (H. N. Hans.) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans.
Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg
= Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld.
Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenweb. & Reinking)
    P. E. Nelson et al.
Fusarium proliferatum (T. Matsushima) Nirenberg
= Cephalosporium proliferatum T. Matsushima
Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.
Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc.
Fusarium tricinctum (Corda) Sacc.
Leaf blotch
Cladosporium allii-cepae (Ranojevic) M. B. Ellis
    Mycosphaerella allii-cepae Jordan et al. [teleomorph]
Mushy rot
Rhizopus microsporus Tiegh
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.
= Rhizopus nigricans (Ehrenb)
Mycelial neck rot
Botrytis byssoidea J. C. Walker
    Botryotinia allii (Sawada) W. Yamamoto [teleomorph]
Neck rot
Botrytis aclada Fresen.
Botrytis allii Munn
Penicillium decay of garlic
Penicillium hirsutum Dierckx
= Penicillium corymbiferum Westling
Phyllosticta leaf blight
Phyllosticta allii Tehon & E. Y. Daniels
Pink root
Phoma terrestris H. N. Hansen
= Pyrenochaeta terrestris (H. N. Hansen) Gorenz et al.
Powdery mildew
Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud
    Oidiopsis sicula Scalia [anamorph]
= O. taurica E. S. Salmon nom. illeg.
Purple blotch
Alternaria porri (Ellis) Cif.
Pythium seed rot and damping-off
Pythium irregulare Buisman
Pythium coloratum Vaartaja
Pythium graminicola Subramaniam
Pythium mamillatum Meurs
Pythium paroecandrum Drechsler
Pythium rostratum Butler
Pythium spinosum Sawada
Pythium sylvaticum Campbell & Hendrix
Pythium torulosum Coker & Patterson
Pythium ultimum Trow
Pythium vexans de Bary
Pythium root rot
Pythium coloratum Vaartaja
Pythium irregulare Buisman
Rhizoctonia seed rot and seedling disease
Rhizoctonia solani Kühn
    Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk
    [teleomorph]
Rhizoctonia spp.
    Ceratobasidium spp. [teleomorph]
Rust
Puccinia allii F. Rudolphi
Scape blight
Botrytis aclada Fresen.
Botrytis allii Munn
Botrytis porri Buchw.
    Botryotinia porri (van Beyma Thoe Kingma)
    Whetzel [teleomorph]
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
    Botryotinia squamosa Vien.-Bourg. [teleomorph]
Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.
    Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph]
Sclerotinia rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary
Small sclerotial neck rot
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
    Botryotinia squamosa Vien.-Bourg. [teleomorph]
Smudge
Colletotrichum circinans (Berk.) Voglino
= Vermicularia circinans Berk.
= Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove f. circinans
    (Berk.) Arx
Smut
Urocystis colchici (Schlechtend.) Rabenh.
Urocystis cepulae Frost
= Urocystis magica Pass. in Thuem
Soil-line rot
Botrytis aclada Fresen.
Botrytis allii Munn
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
    Botryotinia squamosa Vien.-Bourg. [teleomorph]
Southern blight
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
    Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough [teleomorph]
Stemphylium leaf blight and stalk rot
Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E. Simmons
    Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & De Not. [teleomorph]
Twister
Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spaulding & H. Schrenk
    Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
    in Penz. [anamorph]
White rot
Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.

NEMATODES, PARASITIC

Lesion nematode
Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev et Schuurmans Stekhoven
Needle nematode
Longidorus africanus Merny
Root-knot nematode
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood
Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood
Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood
Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al.
Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & Birchfield
Stem and bulb nematode (Bloat)
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev
Sting nematode
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
Stubby-root nematode
Paratrichodorus allius (Jensen) Siddiqi
Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran) Siddiqi

VIRAL DISEASES

Garlic mosaic
Onion yellow dwarf virus
Leek yellow stripe virus
Shallot latent virus
Garlic common latent virus
Garlic virus X
Shallot virus X
Garlic viruses A-D
Garlic mite-borne mosaic virus
Iris yellow spot
Iris yellow spot virus
Onion yellow dwarf
Onion yellow dwarf virus

PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASE

Aster yellows
Aster yellows phytoplasma or Onion yellows phytoplasma

PARASITIC HIGHER PLANT

Dodder
Cuscuta spp.

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Greening
Exposure to light, especially immature bulbs
Leaf variegation (chimera)
Genetic abnormality
Pinking (white onions)
Bruising during harvest or handling
Sunscald
Exposure of bulbs to direct sunlight during high temperatures
Translucent and leathery scale
Unknown
Waxy breakdown of garlic
Associated with high temperature near harvest time
Yeast soft rot
Kluyveromyces marxianus (Hansen) van der Walt var. marxianus

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